yelexy

Passive Voice Exercises

1. - Fill the blanks with the appropriate form f the verb

Example:

Swedish __________ in Sweden

(Speak)

Swedish is spoken in Sweden

• A coat __________ in this classroom day before yesterday

(Leave)

• More than 2000 certificates ________ by the school last December

(Give)

• The house we used to live in _________ by our aunt last month.

(Buy)

• America ___________ by Christopher Columbus in 1492

(Discover)

• The southern Plaza Hotel ________ by the same family since 1950

(Own)

• Several people at my office ________ since I started working here

(Fire)

• Most of Mr. Morgan’s best books _________ into Spanish.

(Translate)

• A lot of old buildings in the city _________ these days, aren’t they?

(Tear down)

• Mail ___________ tomorrow, will it?

(Deliver)

• Most letters _________ these days.

(Type)

2. - Answer these questions:

• How many languages are spoken in Switzerland?
• Is accounting taught in high school?
• Is your car being fixed?
• Was the paper delivered to your house yesterday?
• Where are most American cars made?

Passive Voice in English

Características:

1. Se dice que una oración está en VOZ ACTIVA cuando la significación del verbo es producida por la persona gramatical a quien aquél se refiere:
Pedro de Mendoza founded Buenos Aires.
(Pedro de Mendoza fundó Buenos Aires).

2. Se dice que una oración está en VOZ PASIVA cuando la significación del verbo es recibida por la persona gramatical a quien aquél se refiere:
Buenos Aires was founded by Pedro de Mendoza.
(Buenos Aires fue fundada por Pedro de Mendoza).

3. Se forma con el auxiliar del verbo to be y el participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga.

4. El complemento de la oración activa pasa a sujeto de la pasiva. Como en castellano, el sujeto de la activa se puede conservar como sujeto agente.

Formas del verbo en pasiva:

• Presente simple: am/are/is + participio pasado...Italian is spoken here
• Presente continuo: am/are/is being + participio pasado...Your hair is being brushed
• Futuro: will be + participio pasado...Exams will be corrected by next week
• Futuro próximo: am/are/is going to be + participio pasado... You are going to be made redundant next month
• Pasado simple: was/were + participio pasado...We were told to leave the party
• Pasado continuo: was/were being + participio pasado...The room was being cleaned when we got back from lunch
• Presente perfecto: have/has been + participio pasado...You have been discriminated
• Pasado perfecto: had been + participio pasado...I had been seen with her sister
• Futuro perfecto: will have been + participio pasado...You will have been walked 10 kilometres

Reglas para la construcción de la voz pasiva:

1. La voz pasiva se forma con el verbo to be conjugado más el participio del verbo principal. En inglés es mucho más frecuente que en español y, normalmente, aparece cuando no es importante quien realiza una acción sino el hecho en sí. Por eso, no siempre que veamos una pasiva, tenemos que traducirlo literalmente, puesto que en español suena más forzado. Sólo es posible el uso de la voz pasiva con verbos transitivos (verbos que llevan complemento directo).

2. El sujeto agente se expresa con by. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de las ocasiones se prescinde del sujeto ya que no nos interesa saber quién exactamente ejecuta la acción. Si una oración activa tiene complemento directo e indirecto, cualquiera de los dos complementos puede ser sujeto paciente de la pasiva:

ACTIVE: Someone gives me a dog
PASSIVE: A dog is given to me

3. Las construcciones impersonales (se dice, se comenta, etc.) son muy típicas de la pasiva y difíciles de traducir para los hispanoparlantes. Este tipo de construcción pasiva -utilizada cada vez con mayor frecuencia en los medios- se forma con la estructura sujeto + to be + participle: It is reported (Se informa); It is said (Se dice); It is known (Se sabe); It is supposed (Se supone); It is considered (Se considera); It is expected (Se espera). Veamos algunos ejemplos:

Unefa Basic English 1

Professor Yelexy Mendoza

What is Technology?

Technology is the process by which humans modify nature to meet their needs and wants. Most people, however, think of technology in terms of its artefacts: computers and software, aircraft, pesticides, water-treatment plants, birth-control pills, and microwave ovens, to name a few. But technology is more than these tangible products.

Technology is a product of engineering and science, the study of the natural world. Science has two parts: (1) a body of knowledge that has been accumulated over time and (2) a process-scientific inquiry-that generates knowledge about the natural world. Engineering, too, consists of a body of knowledge-in this case knowledge of the design and creation of human-made products-and a process for solving problems. Science aims to understand the "why" and "how" of nature, engineering seeks to shape the natural world to meet human needs and wants. Engineering, therefore, could be called "design under constraint," with science-the laws of nature-being one of a number of limiting factors engineers must take into account. Other constraints include cost, reliability, safety, and environmental impact, ease of use, available human and material resources, manufacturability, government regulations, laws, and even politics. In short, technology necessarily involves science and engineering.

Unidad II Expresiones Modales

Prof. Yelexy Mendoza

Ingles I

Can

Indica habilidades o posibilidad.
Ejemplos
I can speak english
The doctor can see you at 3 o clock
Can you speak german?

Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + can + verbo
negativa: sujeto + can not / can't + verbo
pregunta: can + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + can / No, sujeto + can't

Could

Es el pasado de can. También se utiliza para preguntar por algo, pero más educadamente que con can.
Ejemplos
Could you speak Japonese before you went to Japan?
Tony could swim when he was six.
Could you help me?

Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + could + verbo
negativa: sujeto + could not / couldn't + verbo
pregunta: could + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + could / No, sujeto + couldn't

May
Lo utilizamos para decir que algo es posible o muy probable. Lo usamos con el presente o futuro.
También se utiliza para preguntar por algo pero más educadamente que con el could.
Ejemplos
I may stay at home or I may go to a disco.

May I use your dictionary?
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + may + verbo
negativa: sujeto + may + not
pregunta: may + sujeto + verbo?

Might
Es el pasado de may. También se usa para expresar una eventualidad pero con más probabilidad.
Ejemplos
Be careful. You might burn yourself.
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + might + verbo
negativa: sujeto + might not / mightn't

Must
Se utiliza cuando pensamos o realizamos algo que es necesario o muy probable.
La forma negativa equivale a una prohibición.
Para hablar en pasado o futuro debemos usar el modal have to.
Ejemplos
I am really tired. I must go home now.
You must keep your room tidy.
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + must + verbo
negativa: sujeto + must not / musn't + verbo
pregunta: must + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + must / No, sujeto + mustn't

Have to
Lo utilizamos para expresar que algo es necesario.
Para formular la pregunta y la negación debemos utilizar el auxiliar do.
El pasado es had to.
Ejemplos
You have to drive on the right in the USA.
I don't have to wear a uniform at school.
Did you have to work yesterday?
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + have to + verbo
egativa: sujeto + don't have to / do have to + verbo
pregunta: Do + sujeto + have to + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + do ó does // No, sujeto + don't ó doesn't

Should
Se utiliza para dar consejo o una opinión.
Ejemplos
You should have a holiday. (Deberías tener vacaciones.)
You shouldn't work so hard (No deberías trabajar tanto.)
What do you think I should do? (¿que crees que debería hacer?)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + should + verbo
negativa: sujeto + should not / shouldn't + verbo
pregunta: should + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + should / No, sujeto + shouldn't

Ought to
Significa deber, esperar que ocurra algo...
Ejemplos
I think I ought to tell him. (Creo que debo contárselo.)
She ought to pass the exam. (Seguramente aprobará el examen.)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + ought + verbo
negativa: sujeto + ought not / oughtn't + verbo
pregunta: ought + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + ought / No, sujeto + oughtn't

Would / would like
Would se utiliza en general para las frases condicionales.
También lo usamos para predicciones, ofrecimientos y para preguntar por algo educadamente.
Ejemplos
I would like to go to London
Peter was working very hard. He would be tired tomorrow.
Would you like coffe?

Sintaxis

afirmativa: sujeto + would + verbo
afirmativa corta: sujeto+ 'd + verbo
negativa: sujeto + would not / wouldn't+ verbo
pregunta: would + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + would / No, sujeto + wouldn't

English Exercises N^o 3

1. - Read these paragraphs carefully and the answer the questions.

• Peter Marshall has worked in a bank in Mexico City since 1960. He was born in Guadalajara in 1940. He lived there until 1960. In 1960 he went to Mexico City and got a job in a bank

Where has Mr. Marshall worked since 1960?

Was he born in Kansas City?

How long did he live in Guadalajara?

• My friend Martha got married in 1998. She has been a lawyer since 1997. She studied law at University Carabobo from 1992 to 1997 she began to practice law in Caracas, and she is still practicing there. I met her in Caracas in 1998.

How long has Martha been a lawyer?

Where did she begin to practice law?

Is she still practicing law in Caracas?

2. - Answer the questions

Have you ever gone to a lecture in English?

Have you ever tried to fix a radio?

Has this class always begun on time?

Had your father won money in the lottery last year?

Will have you visited to Canada?

English Exercises N^o 3

1. - Read these paragraphs carefully and the answer the questions.

• Peter Marshall has worked in a bank in Mexico City since 1960. He was born in Guadalajara in 1940. He lived there until 1960. In 1960 he went to Mexico City and got a job in a bank

Where has Mr. Marshall worked since 1960?

Was he born in Kansas City?

How long did he live in Guadalajara?

• My fire Martha got married in 1998. She has been a lawyer since 1997. She studied law at University Carabobo from 1992 to 1997 she began to practice law in Caracas, and she is still practicing there. I met her in Caracas in 1998.

How long has Martha been a lawyer?

Where did she begin to practice law?

Is she still practicing law in Caracas?

2. - Answer the questions

Have you ever gone to a lecture in English?

Have you ever tried to fix a radio?

Has this class always begun on time?

Had your father won money in the lottery last year?

Will have you visited to Canada?

English Basic Exercises N^o 2

1. - Form questions as in the example:

Example: I am walking for five hours. (How long)

How long are you walking?

• The children are listening to the radio. (What)
• John is working in Dr. Harper’s office (Whose)
• Joseph is sitting next to Karla today. (Who)
• I’m studying my English lesson in my house. (Where)

2. - Changes these sentences to the negative and questions.

Example: Mary is studying in Canada now.

Mary isn’t studying in Canada now.

Is Mary studying in Canada now?

• I’m writing in my notebook now.
• The Gonzalez are living in Maracaibo.
• My father is reading the newspaper right now
• We’re changing sentences to questions now.

3. - Changes these sentences to progressive past and future.

Example: Andres is eating lunch now

Prog. Past: Andres was eating lunch

Prog. Future: Andres will be eating lunch

• They’re practicing the dialog.
• Mr. Edward is writing a letter now.
• I’m listening to my teacher right now
• Annie and her bother are doing their homework now.
• Mr. Peres is fixing supper now.